{"id":32077,"date":"2025-10-27T14:08:15","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T14:08:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/?p=32077"},"modified":"2025-11-25T10:51:40","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T10:51:40","slug":"dollarspot-25year-learning-curve-bethpage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/dollarspot-25year-learning-curve-bethpage\/","title":{"rendered":"Dollar spot, data, perseverance &#8211; the 25-year learning curve of Bethpage"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-klozy9b5-52539c7e0a757ff7a42cbeb8f76ef387\">\n.avia-image-container.av-klozy9b5-52539c7e0a757ff7a42cbeb8f76ef387 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-klozy9b5-52539c7e0a757ff7a42cbeb8f76ef387 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-klozy9b5-52539c7e0a757ff7a42cbeb8f76ef387 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first '  ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-32086 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-32086 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Frank-Rossi-Andrew-Wilson-and-team.jpg\" alt='' title='Frank Rossi, Andrew Wilson and team'  height=\"674\" width=\"900\" srcset=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Frank-Rossi-Andrew-Wilson-and-team.jpg 900w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Frank-Rossi-Andrew-Wilson-and-team-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Frank-Rossi-Andrew-Wilson-and-team-768x575.jpg 768w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Frank-Rossi-Andrew-Wilson-and-team-705x528.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2jbyed-f21124244c391ffe6edfb6d94c9d427a\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-2jbyed-f21124244c391ffe6edfb6d94c9d427a{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-2jbyed-f21124244c391ffe6edfb6d94c9d427a .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-2jbyed-f21124244c391ffe6edfb6d94c9d427a .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-2jbyed-f21124244c391ffe6edfb6d94c9d427a av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_post_metadata '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  >Dollar spot, data, perseverance &#8211; the 25-year learning curve of Bethpage<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='av-post-metadata-container av-20nhwpi-6bc7c62999e4c268b17aca452d4e477f av-metadata-container-align-left  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock  av-metadata-container-1'><div class='av-post-metadata-container-inner'><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-meta-content\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-modified\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-modified-date\" >25. November 2025<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-k8ycpuk2-a8ee88271fa5dde08cdc6a3936c9a217 '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p>The picture of total destruction bears the name &#8220;The Funeral&#8221;. It dates from August 2001 and shows the second green of the Bethpage Green Course in the US state of New York. The same Bethpage where the Ryder Cup took place in the fall of 2025, albeit on the Black Course.<\/p>\n<p>No, there is no longer much grass to be seen on the putty surface. <strong>Frank Rossi, Associate Professor in the Department of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University in the US<\/strong>, says today about this moment: &#8220;Ecologically I predicted that to my colleagues that as soon as pesticide use, mowing heights, fertilization programs, etc. changed we would see a shift. I did not anticipate the full blown outbreaks.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-mg7svrba-d3580cbfe02851e4db56553730efce79\">\n.avia-image-container.av-mg7svrba-d3580cbfe02851e4db56553730efce79 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-mg7svrba-d3580cbfe02851e4db56553730efce79 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-mg7svrba-d3580cbfe02851e4db56553730efce79 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  av-has-copyright av-copyright-always'  ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-32089 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-32089 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/DSC02959-klein-1500x630.jpg\" alt='View of a green from Bethpage Black' title='Bethpage Black'  height=\"630\" width=\"1500\"  \/><\/div><small class=\"avia-copyright\">The team of Cornell University and Bethpage has installed new practices to reduce illnesses and the input of pesticides (all images Cornell University\/Jake Zajkowski)<\/small><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mg1re2kx-09b30c91f5ef02d3710cd602c583ee24 '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p>Rossi knows the grass disease Dollar Spot, which is increasingly affecting golf courses around the world, down to the last detail. When the <strong>New York State Parks<\/strong> decided at the beginning of this millennium to massively reduce their use of pesticides for the health of visitors, this also affected their use on golf courses. With the help of an accompanying scientific program at Cornell University under the direction of Frank Rossi, the so-called <strong>Integrated Pest Management<\/strong> was introduced, which is now standard in large parts of Europe, for example.<\/p>\n<p>In essence, the idea is not to permanently treat grassland with pesticides as a preventative measure, but to try to produce resistant grass that is much better able to withstand diseases, so that significantly less chemicals are needed anyway. &#8220;But over the entire period we have reduced all pesticide use (not just fungicides but herbicides and insecticides) 65%,\u00a0 &#8221; says Rossi some 25 years later, drawing a positive balance for the project in New York, which was groundbreaking for the American golf market 25 years ago. Integrated Pest Management was not yet the order of the day in Europe at that time either.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8\">\n@keyframes av_boxShadowEffect_av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8-column {\n0%   { box-shadow:  0 0 0 0 #ededed; opacity: 1; }\n100% { box-shadow:  0 0 10px 0 #ededed; opacity: 1; }\n}\n#top .flex_column.av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8{\nmargin-top:35px;\nmargin-bottom:35px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8{\nposition:relative;\nleft:1%;\nbox-shadow: 0 0 10px 0 #ededed;\nborder-width:2px;\nborder-color:#e1e1e1;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:30px 30px 15px 30px;\n}\n.avia_transform .flex_column.av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8{\nanimation-duration:5s;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8{\nmargin-top:35px;\nmargin-bottom:35px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8 av_four_fifth  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  first av-break-at-tablet flex_column_div av-animated-generic fade-in-down av-custom-positioned shadow-not-animated avia-full-contain  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825{\npadding-bottom:0;\ncolor:#4fa1ca;\nfont-size:24px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:24px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:13px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-wrap:before{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-wrap:after{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 av-special-heading-h4 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-7  el_before_av_mailchimp  avia-builder-el-first  av-inherit-size'><div class='av_custom_color av-subheading av-subheading_above'><p>Subscribe to our newsletter!<\/p>\n<\/div><h4 class='av-special-heading-tag '  >News <span class='special_amp'>&amp;<\/span> trends about sustainability in golf<\/h4><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<form action=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/dollarspot-25year-learning-curve-bethpage\/\" method=\"post\"  data-av-custom-send='mailchimp_send'data-fields-with-error=\"Found errors in the following field(s):\" class=\"avia_ajax_form av-form-labels-hidden   avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_heading  avia-builder-el-last   avia-mailchimp-form \" data-avia-form-id=\"1\" data-avia-redirect='' ><fieldset><p class='  first_form  form_element form_fullwidth' id='element_avia_0_1'><label for=\"avia_0_1\">E-Mail: <abbr class=\"required\" title=\"required\">*<\/abbr><\/label> <input name=\"avia_0_1\" class=\"text_input is_email\" type=\"text\" id=\"avia_0_1\" value=\"\"  placeholder='E-Mail:*'\/><\/p><p class='  first_form  form_element form_element_half' id='element_avia_1_1'><label for=\"avia_1_1\">First Name:<\/label> <input name=\"avia_1_1\" class=\"text_input \" type=\"text\" id=\"avia_1_1\" value=\"\"  placeholder='First Name:'\/><\/p><p class='  form_element form_element_half' id='element_avia_2_1'><label for=\"avia_2_1\">Last Name:<\/label> <input name=\"avia_2_1\" class=\"text_input \" type=\"text\" id=\"avia_2_1\" value=\"\"  placeholder='Last Name:'\/><\/p><p class=\"form_element  first_form  form_element form_fullwidth av-last-visible-form-element modified_width\"><input type=\"hidden\" value=\"1\" name=\"avia_generated_form1\" \/><input type=\"submit\" value=\"Subscribe\" class=\"button\"  data-sending-label=\"Sending\"\/><\/p><p class=\"hidden\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"avia_avia_username_1\" class=\"hidden \" id=\"avia_avia_username_1\" value=\"\" \/><\/p><\/fieldset><\/form><div id=\"ajaxresponse_1\" class=\"ajaxresponse ajaxresponse_1 hidden\"><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mg1rj04z-83259a85874f63b53224c7bb7d0b603b '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p>The changeover was not easy. &#8220;At first everyone hated it,&#8221; Rossi recalls of the early days. Until then, the greenkeeping team had always applied fungicides every two weeks as a prophylactic measure. There were no empirical values or prediction models for Dollar Spot that could predict what would happen without the use of chemicals. The golfers simply wanted good quality. However, at the start of the project, this was largely gone. At times, greens on the green course even had to be taken out of play.<\/p>\n<p>Integrated Pest Management has now been implemented on all 23 golf courses at New York State Park. We wanted to find out from Frank S. Rossi what the key insights and lessons he has learned in his 25 years with the Dollar Spot disease are:<\/p>\n<p><strong>How exactly did you start the changeover?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Frank S. Rossi:<\/strong> We created the \u201calternative culture\u201d treatments on 9 greens and many of those did better with a focus on nitrate, iron, rolling, in season spiking. But the 6 greens that did not receive any pesticides the first two years made it to July\/August first dollar spot then pythium and brown patch then closed greens til next spring and lost revenue with reduced prices due to 3 to 4 greens out play.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What was the biggest learning experience for you personally?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Frank S. Rossi:<\/strong> Dollar spot is a great example of when we don\u2019t pay attention to the most common problem because we have \u201cmany\u201d chemical solutions.\u00a0 But when you don\u2019t have the cheap, convenient and affordability of a pesticide, you must approach management more holistically. We developed and promoted the use of risk models to inform supperintendents on when disease pressure will be high, then use the <a href=\"https:\/\/cals.cornell.edu\/integrated-pest-management\/risk-assessment\/eiq\">EIQ (Environmental impact quotient)<\/a> to select the most benign option for management.\u00a0 Interestingly, now that Ming-Yi chou has published a few papers on turfgrass microbiomes we see that the more you spray for dollar spot the more you have to spray<\/p>\n<p><strong>Did you record costs and labor hours during the management changeover? What was cheaper and less labor-intensive? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Frank S. Rossi: <\/strong>Yes we did. Routine pesticide use reduces labor needs for many practices, but you spend more time spraying.\u00a0 Now that the greens have stabilized ecologically and adapted to less pesticides, the care of them is less intense in all aspects, feeding, pesticides, cultivation etc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What is your tip for any head greenkeeper who wants to make a change in their approach to avoiding or treating dollar spot?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Frank S. Rossi: <\/strong>Create a good growing environment. If you don\u2019t have the most resistant varieties or species of grass its harder.\u00a0 I might allow some turf loss in an effort to spray less overtime by building some natural resistance. Then keep track of disease risk models to know pressure, then for dollar spot I\u2019d roll my putting greens 5 to 7 times per week during high risk periods, keep soil moisture adequate (dollar spot likes dry soil and wet foliage), then during high risk periods I\u2019d use some low EIQ products and by all means stay away from chlorthalnil.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Editor&#8217;s note:<\/strong> The use of chlorothalnil, which is considered harmful to health and the environment and has long been one of the most widely used fungicides in lawn care, has been banned in the EU, the UK and Switzerland since 2020. It is still permitted in the USA under certain conditions.<\/p>\n<div hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/pfas-in-golf-rainwear-what-you-need-to-know\/\" class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"7MvRMuq3fw\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/pfas-in-golf-rainwear-what-you-need-to-know\/\">PFAS in golf rainwear: What you need to know<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;PFAS in golf rainwear: What you need to know&#8221; &#8212; Golf Sustainable\" src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/pfas-in-golf-rainwear-what-you-need-to-know\/embed\/#?secret=kZp2UvRfcU#?secret=7MvRMuq3fw\" data-secret=\"7MvRMuq3fw\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/walton-heath-gc-pioneer-in-heather-restoration\/\" class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"kryu0cyiE1\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/walton-heath-gc-pioneer-in-heather-restoration\/\">Walton Heath GC: Pioneer in heather restoration<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Walton Heath GC: Pioneer in heather restoration&#8221; &#8212; Golf Sustainable\" src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/walton-heath-gc-pioneer-in-heather-restoration\/embed\/#?secret=gNlmVH2ajG#?secret=kryu0cyiE1\" data-secret=\"kryu0cyiE1\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='av-social-sharing-box av-2mu5xc-be51418eee8367333fa093228d957c81 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