{"id":30210,"date":"2025-05-26T11:56:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-26T11:56:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/?p=30210"},"modified":"2025-11-25T12:50:52","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T12:50:52","slug":"study-parkinsons-and-golf-us","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/study-parkinsons-and-golf-us\/","title":{"rendered":"Study Parkinson&#8217;s &amp; Golf: Consequences for US golf?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k7djv9qv-7ad9ca319df4eb77d43f1515f3374e1b\">\n.avia-image-container.av-k7djv9qv-7ad9ca319df4eb77d43f1515f3374e1b img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-k7djv9qv-7ad9ca319df4eb77d43f1515f3374e1b .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-k7djv9qv-7ad9ca319df4eb77d43f1515f3374e1b av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first '  ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-30215 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-30215 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-47.jpg\" alt='Pesticide use on golf courses' title='Pesticide use on golf courses'  height=\"924\" width=\"1643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-47.jpg 1643w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-47-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-47-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-47-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-47-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-47-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-47-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1643px) 100vw, 1643px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-k7oqhpp9-cd1c1b4ec7ae42f64c38c9583d4e47d9\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-k7oqhpp9-cd1c1b4ec7ae42f64c38c9583d4e47d9{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-k7oqhpp9-cd1c1b4ec7ae42f64c38c9583d4e47d9 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-k7oqhpp9-cd1c1b4ec7ae42f64c38c9583d4e47d9 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-k7oqhpp9-cd1c1b4ec7ae42f64c38c9583d4e47d9 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_post_metadata '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  >Study Parkinson\u2019s <span class='special_amp'>&amp;<\/span> Golf: Consequences for US golf industry?<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='av-post-metadata-container av-mb509cd5-a9922a619820b5c8b383199259fa726b av-metadata-container-align-left  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock  av-metadata-container-1'><div class='av-post-metadata-container-inner'><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-meta-content\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-modified\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-modified-date\" >25. November 2025<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-k7djfsv1-d7164b20b6afa03fb9ae021f541a5e80 '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p>People in the USA who live within a radius of one mile of a golf course have a significantly higher risk of developing Parkinson&#8217;s disease. This is illustrated by a <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamanetworkopen\/fullarticle\/2833716\">study by the Barrow Neurological Institute<\/a> in Arizona, which was published in <strong>Jama Network Open<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The researchers analysed data from the <strong>Rochester Epidemiology Project,<\/strong> which includes health data from residents in 27 counties in <strong>Wisconsin and Minnesota<\/strong>. A total of <strong>419 Parkinson&#8217;s cases and 5,113 control subjects<\/strong> were studied. The results showed that people who lived within three miles of a golf course had an increased risk of developing Parkinson&#8217;s disease. Specifically, the risk was 126% higher for those who lived within one mile compared to those who lived more than six miles away.<\/p>\n<p>It was also found that people whose drinking water supply was connected to a golf course had almost twice the risk of Parkinson&#8217;s disease. In areas with particularly susceptible groundwater, such as shallow rock or permeable soil, the risk was even higher.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8\">\n@keyframes av_boxShadowEffect_av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8-column {\n0%   { box-shadow:  0 0 0 0 #ededed; opacity: 1; }\n100% { box-shadow:  0 0 10px 0 #ededed; opacity: 1; }\n}\n#top .flex_column.av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8{\nmargin-top:35px;\nmargin-bottom:35px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8{\nposition:relative;\nleft:1%;\nbox-shadow: 0 0 10px 0 #ededed;\nborder-width:2px;\nborder-color:#e1e1e1;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:30px 30px 15px 30px;\n}\n.avia_transform .flex_column.av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8{\nanimation-duration:5s;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8{\nmargin-top:35px;\nmargin-bottom:35px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8 av_four_fifth  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  first av-break-at-tablet flex_column_div av-animated-generic fade-in-down av-custom-positioned shadow-not-animated avia-full-contain  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825{\npadding-bottom:0;\ncolor:#4fa1ca;\nfont-size:24px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:24px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:13px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-wrap:before{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-wrap:after{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 av-special-heading-h4 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_mailchimp  avia-builder-el-first  av-inherit-size'><div class='av_custom_color av-subheading av-subheading_above'><p>Subscribe to our newsletter!<\/p>\n<\/div><h4 class='av-special-heading-tag '  >News <span class='special_amp'>&amp;<\/span> trends about sustainability in golf<\/h4><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<form action=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/study-parkinsons-and-golf-us\/\" method=\"post\"  data-av-custom-send='mailchimp_send'data-fields-with-error=\"Found errors in the following field(s):\" class=\"avia_ajax_form av-form-labels-hidden   avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_heading  avia-builder-el-last   avia-mailchimp-form \" data-avia-form-id=\"1\" data-avia-redirect='' ><fieldset><p class='  first_form  form_element form_fullwidth' id='element_avia_0_1'><label for=\"avia_0_1\">E-Mail: <abbr class=\"required\" title=\"required\">*<\/abbr><\/label> <input name=\"avia_0_1\" class=\"text_input is_email\" type=\"text\" id=\"avia_0_1\" value=\"\"  placeholder='E-Mail:*'\/><\/p><p class='  first_form  form_element form_element_half' id='element_avia_1_1'><label for=\"avia_1_1\">First Name:<\/label> <input name=\"avia_1_1\" class=\"text_input \" type=\"text\" id=\"avia_1_1\" value=\"\"  placeholder='First Name:'\/><\/p><p class='  form_element form_element_half' id='element_avia_2_1'><label for=\"avia_2_1\">Last Name:<\/label> <input name=\"avia_2_1\" class=\"text_input \" type=\"text\" id=\"avia_2_1\" value=\"\"  placeholder='Last Name:'\/><\/p><p class=\"form_element  first_form  form_element form_fullwidth av-last-visible-form-element modified_width\"><input type=\"hidden\" value=\"1\" name=\"avia_generated_form1\" \/><input type=\"submit\" value=\"Subscribe\" class=\"button\"  data-sending-label=\"Sending\"\/><\/p><p class=\"hidden\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"avia_avia_username_1\" class=\"hidden \" id=\"avia_avia_username_1\" value=\"\" \/><\/p><\/fieldset><\/form><div id=\"ajaxresponse_1\" class=\"ajaxresponse ajaxresponse_1 hidden\"><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-mb50oqjn-8f754ec5c8e5730f6daeb7339df5246d '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p><strong>US government discusses pesticide use<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In principle, significantly more pesticides are permitted for use on golf courses in the USA than in Europe. However, there is currently a heated debate within the US government about further restrictions. While the <strong>EPA<\/strong>, as the authority responsible for the approval of chemicals, is tending towards a milder approach of the approval of chemicals with the Trump administration taking office, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/05\/20\/climate\/atrazine-manosphere-maha-kennedy.html?smid=nytcore-android-share\"><strong>Secretary of Health and Human Services Robert F. Kennedy<\/strong> <\/a>wants to ban many pesticides because he considers them to be a health risk. This includes, for example, the herbicide <strong>atrazine<\/strong>, which is no longer permitted in Europe; in the USA, it is considered a \u201crestricted use pesticide\u201d, meaning that it may only be used by specialists and on a limited basis. It is currently unclear to what extent the pesticide regulations in the USA will ultimately be changed. The German epidemiologist <strong>Prof. Dr. Beate Ritz, professor at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA)<\/strong> and a specialist in environmental and occupational health issues, also points to the links between pesticide use and an increased risk of Parkinson&#8217;s disease.<\/p>\n<div hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/pesticide-risk-research-reveals-data-dilemma\/\" class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"KQQMRw4Dut\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/pesticide-risk-research-reveals-data-dilemma\/\">Pesticide risk research exposes data dilemma<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Pesticide risk research exposes data dilemma&#8221; &#8212; Golf Sustainable\" src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/pesticide-risk-research-reveals-data-dilemma\/embed\/#?secret=FA54x915Yq#?secret=KQQMRw4Dut\" data-secret=\"KQQMRw4Dut\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p><strong>Limitations of the study<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>However, it is also important to note that the Arizona study found a correlation, but not causality, between proximity to golf courses and the risk of Parkinson&#8217;s disease. Other factors, such as genetic predisposition or other environmental factors, could also play a role. Furthermore, the participants&#8217; previous places of residence were not taken into account and their exposure to neurotoxins at work did not play a role either.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How is the golf industry reacting?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For the golf industry, however, the publication means the discussion about pesticides will continue. Since numerous major international media outlets have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/health\/parkinsons-golf-course-risk-pesticides-study-symptoms-b2748029.html\">reported extensively on<\/a> Arizona&#8217;s scientific findings since they became known, it can also be assumed that golf will suffer damage to its image.<\/p>\n<div hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/sustainable-greenkeeping-the-danish-approach\/\" class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"IXNmQxXHWT\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/sustainable-greenkeeping-the-danish-approach\/\">Sustainable greenkeeping: The Danish approach<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Sustainable greenkeeping: The Danish approach&#8221; &#8212; Golf Sustainable\" 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