{"id":29811,"date":"2025-05-09T08:26:12","date_gmt":"2025-05-09T08:26:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/?p=29811"},"modified":"2025-11-25T13:00:51","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T13:00:51","slug":"fairwaterii-internatioal-research-on-fairways-irrigation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/fairwaterii-internatioal-research-on-fairways-irrigation\/","title":{"rendered":"Between research and fairway: Fairwater II"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-668xds-4a534718dbc1f8007853c90b98f94a39\">\n.avia-image-container.av-668xds-4a534718dbc1f8007853c90b98f94a39 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-668xds-4a534718dbc1f8007853c90b98f94a39 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-668xds-4a534718dbc1f8007853c90b98f94a39 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first '  ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-29819 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-29819 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-98.jpg\" alt='Collage of three pictures of a golf hole and tractors' title='Untitled design (98)'  height=\"924\" width=\"1643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-98.jpg 1643w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-98-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-98-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-98-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-98-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-98-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Design-ohne-Titel-98-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1643px) 100vw, 1643px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-1y66rq-f3d24b126753bc3c765b47b4f668e47b\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-1y66rq-f3d24b126753bc3c765b47b4f668e47b{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-1y66rq-f3d24b126753bc3c765b47b4f668e47b .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-1y66rq-f3d24b126753bc3c765b47b4f668e47b .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-1y66rq-f3d24b126753bc3c765b47b4f668e47b av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_post_metadata '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  >Fairwater II: Research on the new face of fairways<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div  class='av-post-metadata-container av-m9pqrvlq-8a283b764f68615abb197d255c1ed8f1 av-metadata-container-align-left  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock  av-metadata-container-1'><div class='av-post-metadata-container-inner'><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-meta-content\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-modified\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-modified-date\" >25. November 2025<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-k8ycpuk2-7346ebfddcb3b1befdc54074201b5725 '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p>What happens if the availability of water for golf courses continues to fall? Be it because the authorities further reduce the amount of groundwater that golf courses are allowed to extract, or because the price of water rises to such an extent that it puts an extreme strain on club budgets. To what extent can the consumption of water be improved through the use of so-called wetting agents and\/or mechanical treatments? What are the restrictions on course maintenance if recycled process water or slightly salty water is used for irrigation, as is often the case near the sea?<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>Fair-Water II project<\/strong>, which is being carried out in Germany from 2024 to 2026 at the <strong>St. Dionys Golf Club<\/strong> in Lower Saxony, aims to provide answers to these questions. Fair-Water II is an international study led by the <strong>Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy (NIBIO)<\/strong>. In addition to GC St. Dionys, the golf courses Hirsala in Finland, Romerike in Norway and Kalundberg in Denmark are involved, as well as seven Swedish courses, where the focus is on the research with brackish water.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Test areas with wetting agents and mechanical processing<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For <strong>Christian Steinhauser, head greenkeeper at GC St. Dionys and member of the executive committee of the German Greenkeeper Association<\/strong>, participation in such scientific projects is essential. He is involved in Project 1, which is concerned with thatch control in the turf, the combination of wetting agents and mechanical measures. Looking at the dry, sandy soil, which is currently suffering from a lack of rainfall in northern Germany at the end of April 2025, he notes: &#8220;I&#8217;ve never used fairway irrigation as early as this year. The price of the water we get from a well has gone up 18 times.&#8221; As head greenkeeper, he needs well-founded answers to the questions of how he can save even more water in the future than he already does.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8\">\n@keyframes av_boxShadowEffect_av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8-column {\n0%   { box-shadow:  0 0 0 0 #ededed; opacity: 1; }\n100% { box-shadow:  0 0 10px 0 #ededed; opacity: 1; }\n}\n#top .flex_column.av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8{\nmargin-top:35px;\nmargin-bottom:35px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8{\nposition:relative;\nleft:1%;\nbox-shadow: 0 0 10px 0 #ededed;\nborder-width:2px;\nborder-color:#e1e1e1;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:30px 30px 15px 30px;\n}\n.avia_transform .flex_column.av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8{\nanimation-duration:5s;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8{\nmargin-top:35px;\nmargin-bottom:35px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-av_four_fifth-e8bcfb0dd38e4ffbb23d71c76efe0ae8 av_four_fifth  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  first av-break-at-tablet flex_column_div av-animated-generic fade-in-down av-custom-positioned shadow-not-animated avia-full-contain  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825{\npadding-bottom:0;\ncolor:#4fa1ca;\nfont-size:24px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:24px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .special-heading-inner-border{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:13px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-wrap:before{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-wrap:after{\nborder-color:#ffffff;\n}\n\n@media only screen and (min-width: 480px) and (max-width: 767px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n\n@media only screen and (max-width: 479px){ \n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:0.8em;\n}\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-av_heading-8fccdafe44dd5917fcd9b6feb39e8825 av-special-heading-h4 custom-color-heading blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_mailchimp  avia-builder-el-first  av-inherit-size'><div class='av_custom_color av-subheading av-subheading_above'><p>Subscribe to our newsletter!<\/p>\n<\/div><h4 class='av-special-heading-tag '  >News <span class='special_amp'>&amp;<\/span> trends about sustainability in golf<\/h4><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<form action=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/fairwaterii-internatioal-research-on-fairways-irrigation\/\" method=\"post\"  data-av-custom-send='mailchimp_send'data-fields-with-error=\"Found errors in the following field(s):\" class=\"avia_ajax_form av-form-labels-hidden   avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_heading  avia-builder-el-last   avia-mailchimp-form \" data-avia-form-id=\"1\" data-avia-redirect='' ><fieldset><p class='  first_form  form_element form_fullwidth' id='element_avia_0_1'><label for=\"avia_0_1\">E-Mail: <abbr class=\"required\" title=\"required\">*<\/abbr><\/label> <input name=\"avia_0_1\" class=\"text_input is_email\" type=\"text\" id=\"avia_0_1\" value=\"\"  placeholder='E-Mail:*'\/><\/p><p class='  first_form  form_element form_element_half' id='element_avia_1_1'><label for=\"avia_1_1\">First Name:<\/label> <input name=\"avia_1_1\" class=\"text_input \" type=\"text\" id=\"avia_1_1\" value=\"\"  placeholder='First Name:'\/><\/p><p class='  form_element form_element_half' id='element_avia_2_1'><label for=\"avia_2_1\">Last Name:<\/label> <input name=\"avia_2_1\" class=\"text_input \" type=\"text\" id=\"avia_2_1\" value=\"\"  placeholder='Last Name:'\/><\/p><p class=\"form_element  first_form  form_element form_fullwidth av-last-visible-form-element modified_width\"><input type=\"hidden\" value=\"1\" name=\"avia_generated_form1\" \/><input type=\"submit\" value=\"Subscribe\" class=\"button\"  data-sending-label=\"Sending\"\/><\/p><p class=\"hidden\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"avia_avia_username_1\" class=\"hidden \" id=\"avia_avia_username_1\" value=\"\" \/><\/p><\/fieldset><\/form><div id=\"ajaxresponse_1\" class=\"ajaxresponse ajaxresponse_1 hidden\"><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-30vm9y-9775d1d62fd4aa46260341e6cd05c41e '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p>The tests currently being carried out on the ninth hole of the traditional golf course near Hamburg should shed light on this. Here, Steinhauser has marked out nine plots, each measuring twelve by eight meters, whose grasses and soil conditions were analysed in detail last year. &#8220;Unfortunately, the felt on the surface ensures that the water is not optimally distributed in the soil,&#8221; summarizes Steinhauser.<\/p>\n<p>For this reason, the use of soil wetting agents is now being tested on parts of the areas that were treated last year by scarifying and deep aeration. According to the manufacturers, these ensure that plants and soil are better able to retain moisture. Two brands are being tested and will be applied to the area every month from April to September.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m9tqjfvb-e5ff8729ac8063c7947ac159dc0c8f61\">\n.avia-image-container.av-m9tqjfvb-e5ff8729ac8063c7947ac159dc0c8f61 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-m9tqjfvb-e5ff8729ac8063c7947ac159dc0c8f61 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-m9tqjfvb-e5ff8729ac8063c7947ac159dc0c8f61 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '  ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-29815 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-29815 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/steinhauser-1500x630.jpg\" alt='Picture of the greenkeeper Christian Steinhauser' title='Christian Steinhause'  height=\"630\" width=\"1500\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m9tqkhk4-896934b855cb2327005c8e8179beacb2 '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p><strong>No fairway irrigation <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Steinhauser has switched off the fairway irrigation on the test areas of the fairway. The grasses now have to make do with rainwater. Referring to other golf courses, especially in the British Isles, but also in Germany in some cases, the turf expert sums up: &#8220;We know that playability is also given with brown color. The question, however, is whether golfers here already accept this.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Even before the start of Fair-Water II, Steinhauser ensured that the golf course&#8217;s water consumption was reduced by reseeding the fairways with Festuca grass. The growth of the grass has also been reduced by using significantly less fertilizer. Now, on the one hand, there is no need for fairway irrigation. On the other hand, the wetting agents and mechanical soil treatment could have a positive effect.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;With a soil structure consisting of 97 percent sand and gravel, this fairway in St. Dionys is very susceptible to drought,&#8221; says Steinhauser, analyzing the grass. The turf felt layer of 33 millimetres with a proportion of 29 percent organic matter also makes it clear that turf felt control is necessary here.<\/p>\n<p>As early as April 2025, it becomes clear that the appearance of the golf course will change if it is maintained as envisaged by Fair-Water II: The test area is rather light green, the ground is hard, but the terrain is perfectly suitable as a playing surface. The players&#8217; balls can run longer on the hard ground.<\/p>\n<p>A result of the study is not yet foreseeable. The mechanical processing procedure will be repeated in the fall of 2025 and the use of wetting agents will continue in 2026. Anyone expecting quick results will be disappointed. Fair-Water II is a scientific project that will ultimately deliver concrete results on whether it makes sense to use the wetting agents, which are comparatively expensive. &#8220;But who knows, if the water is even more expensive than the wetting agents, it might make sense to spend the money,&#8221; reflects Steinhauser.<\/p>\n<p>One thing is already clear to him: the future of golf depends on the availability of water. And that is dwindling.<\/p>\n<div hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/testfeld-zukunft-welche-graeser-trotzen-dem-klimawandel\/\" class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"WbxDadfbwL\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/testfeld-zukunft-welche-graeser-trotzen-dem-klimawandel\/\">Testfeld Zukunft: Welche Gr\u00e4ser trotzen dem Klimawandel?<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Testfeld Zukunft: Welche Gr\u00e4ser trotzen dem Klimawandel?&#8221; &#8212; Golf Sustainable\" src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/testfeld-zukunft-welche-graeser-trotzen-dem-klimawandel\/embed\/#?secret=VB74ZnlwAy#?secret=WbxDadfbwL\" data-secret=\"WbxDadfbwL\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" 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