{"id":29432,"date":"2025-03-30T12:09:38","date_gmt":"2025-03-30T12:09:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/?p=29432"},"modified":"2025-11-25T13:22:49","modified_gmt":"2025-11-25T13:22:49","slug":"biodiversity-lexicon-a-for-ash-tree-mortality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/biodiversity-lexicon-a-for-ash-tree-mortality\/","title":{"rendered":"Biodiversity lexicon: E for ash dieback"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-klozy9b5-82bf705bd83cb04abfe53cf3775cffd1\">\n.avia-image-container.av-klozy9b5-82bf705bd83cb04abfe53cf3775cffd1 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-klozy9b5-82bf705bd83cb04abfe53cf3775cffd1 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-klozy9b5-82bf705bd83cb04abfe53cf3775cffd1 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first '  ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-29464 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-29464 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A-5.jpg\" alt='Ash tree mortality Biodiversity lexicon' title='Ash tree mortality'  height=\"924\" width=\"1307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A-5.jpg 1307w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A-5-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A-5-1030x728.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A-5-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A-5-1500x1061.jpg 1306w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A-5-260x185.jpg 260w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/A-5-705x498.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1307px) 100vw, 1307px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2jbyed-a0bfd354a02d06680bc4daa5b8538e04\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-2jbyed-a0bfd354a02d06680bc4daa5b8538e04{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-2jbyed-a0bfd354a02d06680bc4daa5b8538e04 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-2jbyed-a0bfd354a02d06680bc4daa5b8538e04 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-2jbyed-a0bfd354a02d06680bc4daa5b8538e04 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  >Biodiversity lexicon: A for ash tree mortality<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-k8ycpuk2-7346ebfddcb3b1befdc54074201b5725 '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p class=\"\" data-start=\"71\" data-end=\"574\">Sick trees on the other side of the fairways; trees that have been cut down and are waiting to be removed. This is becoming increasingly common in Europe. Ash tree mortality in particular, is also causing problems for golf course operators. This is a tree disease that has been observed in Europe since the early 1990s and now affects large parts of the continent. The disease is caused by a fungus called <em data-start=\"328\" data-end=\"353\">Hymenoscyphus fraxineus<\/em>, which was introduced from East Asia. While Asian ash species are mainly resistant to the fungus, ash trees native to Europe are often very susceptible.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"576\" data-end=\"1123\">The fungus spreads via spores that can be carried for miles by the wind. These spores mainly infect young shoots and leaves, leading to symptoms of wilting, dying branches, and bark necrosis. Young trees, in particular, often die completely, while older trees are weakened over a longer period of time and are more susceptible to further diseases or pests. In addition, the stability of severely damaged ash trees can be compromised, making them a risk on golf courses, as they can endanger players as well as walkers.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-4bt7s2e-1b2e19207a0b79c632795e5fd967fe78\">\n@keyframes av_boxShadowEffect_av-4bt7s2e-1b2e19207a0b79c632795e5fd967fe78-column {\n0%   { box-shadow:  0 0 0 0 #ededed; opacity: 1; }\n100% { box-shadow:  0 0 10px 0 #ededed; opacity: 1; }\n}\n#top .flex_column.av-4bt7s2e-1b2e19207a0b79c632795e5fd967fe78{\nmargin-top:35px;\nmargin-bottom:35px;\n}\n.flex_column.av-4bt7s2e-1b2e19207a0b79c632795e5fd967fe78{\nposition:relative;\nleft:1%;\nbox-shadow: 0 0 10px 0 #ededed;\nborder-width:2px;\nborder-color:#e1e1e1;\nborder-style:solid;\nborder-radius:0px 0px 0px 0px;\npadding:30px 30px 15px 30px;\n}\n.avia_transform .flex_column.av-4bt7s2e-1b2e19207a0b79c632795e5fd967fe78{\nanimation-duration:5s;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-4bt7s2e-1b2e19207a0b79c632795e5fd967fe78{\nmargin-top:35px;\nmargin-bottom:35px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-4bt7s2e-1b2e19207a0b79c632795e5fd967fe78 av_four_fifth  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock  first av-break-at-tablet flex_column_div av-animated-generic fade-in-down av-custom-positioned shadow-not-animated avia-full-contain  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-428985y-cf39845f1586f066958fca48a0fd8a57\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-428985y-cf39845f1586f066958fca48a0fd8a57{\npadding-bottom:0;\ncolor:#4fa1ca;\nfont-size:24px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-428985y-cf39845f1586f066958fca48a0fd8a57 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n#top #wrap_all .av-special-heading.av-428985y-cf39845f1586f066958fca48a0fd8a57 .av-special-heading-tag{\nfont-size:24px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-428985y-cf39845f1586f066958fca48a0fd8a57 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el_before_av_mailchimp  avia-builder-el-first  av-inherit-size'><div class='av_custom_color av-subheading av-subheading_above'><p>Subscribe to our newsletter!<\/p>\n<\/div><h4 class='av-special-heading-tag '  >News <span class='special_amp'>&amp;<\/span> trends about sustainability in golf<\/h4><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<form action=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/biodiversity-lexicon-a-for-ash-tree-mortality\/\" method=\"post\"  data-av-custom-send='mailchimp_send'data-fields-with-error=\"Found errors in the following field(s):\" class=\"avia_ajax_form av-form-labels-hidden   avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_heading  avia-builder-el-last   avia-mailchimp-form \" data-avia-form-id=\"1\" data-avia-redirect='' ><fieldset><p class='  first_form  form_element form_fullwidth' id='element_avia_0_1'><label for=\"avia_0_1\">E-Mail: <abbr class=\"required\" title=\"required\">*<\/abbr><\/label> <input name=\"avia_0_1\" class=\"text_input is_email\" type=\"text\" id=\"avia_0_1\" value=\"\"  placeholder='E-Mail:*'\/><\/p><p class='  first_form  form_element form_element_half' id='element_avia_1_1'><label for=\"avia_1_1\">First Name <abbr class=\"required\" title=\"required\">*<\/abbr><\/label> <input name=\"avia_1_1\" class=\"text_input is_empty\" type=\"text\" id=\"avia_1_1\" value=\"\"  placeholder='First Name*'\/><\/p><p class='  form_element form_element_half' id='element_avia_2_1'><label for=\"avia_2_1\">Last Name <abbr class=\"required\" title=\"required\">*<\/abbr><\/label> <input name=\"avia_2_1\" class=\"text_input is_empty\" type=\"text\" id=\"avia_2_1\" value=\"\"  placeholder='Last Name*'\/><\/p><p class=\"form_element  first_form  form_element form_fullwidth av-last-visible-form-element modified_width\"><input type=\"hidden\" value=\"1\" name=\"avia_generated_form1\" \/><input type=\"submit\" value=\"Subscribe\" class=\"button\"  data-sending-label=\"Sending\"\/><\/p><p class=\"hidden\"><input type=\"text\" name=\"avia_avia_username_1\" class=\"hidden \" id=\"avia_avia_username_1\" value=\"\" \/><\/p><\/fieldset><\/form><div id=\"ajaxresponse_1\" class=\"ajaxresponse ajaxresponse_1 hidden\"><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m7d62sda-0766666cf80133c341e057e7ae4ee490 '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p class=\"\" data-start=\"1125\" data-end=\"1400\">Ash dieback was first observed in Poland and quickly spread westward. It has since spread to many countries, including Germany. Today, it is considered one of the greatest threats to European deciduous forests.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1402\" data-end=\"1900\">Ash dieback is difficult to control as no effective fungicides are permitted for use in the field. Forestry scientists are, therefore, relying on observation, research, and long-term strategies: individual ash trees show a natural resistance. These so-called &#8220;tolerant&#8221; trees are to be specifically identified and used in breeding programs. Generally speaking, mixed forests are more resistant to disease overall. Before planting new ash trees, golf course operators should always seek expert advice on whether selecting the tree at all makes sense.<\/p>\n<div hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/biodiversity-lexicon-d-for-diversity\/\" class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"BRCJ1J6htv\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/biodiversity-lexicon-d-for-diversity\/\">Biodiversity lexicon: D for diversity<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Biodiversity lexicon: D for diversity&#8221; &#8212; Golf Sustainable\" src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/biodiversity-lexicon-d-for-diversity\/embed\/#?secret=RT564DWATI#?secret=BRCJ1J6htv\" data-secret=\"BRCJ1J6htv\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" 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