{"id":27493,"date":"2025-01-03T10:59:25","date_gmt":"2025-01-03T10:59:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/?p=27493"},"modified":"2026-01-07T08:39:48","modified_gmt":"2026-01-07T08:39:48","slug":"salt-marshes-standrews-and-dornoch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/salt-marshes-standrews-and-dornoch\/","title":{"rendered":"Salt marshes off St. Andrews and Dornoch can grow again"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-klozy9b5-b46f946b097d06a2e48274af65bdceb8\">\n.avia-image-container.av-klozy9b5-b46f946b097d06a2e48274af65bdceb8 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-klozy9b5-b46f946b097d06a2e48274af65bdceb8 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-klozy9b5-b46f946b097d06a2e48274af65bdceb8 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first  av-has-copyright av-copyright-always'  ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-27497 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-27497 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/5.-Winter-2023_-aerial-image-by-Lee-Collier-scaled.jpg\" alt='Drone flight over salt marshes' title='Salt marshes off Dornoch'  height=\"924\" width=\"1643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/5.-Winter-2023_-aerial-image-by-Lee-Collier-scaled.jpg 1643w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/5.-Winter-2023_-aerial-image-by-Lee-Collier-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/5.-Winter-2023_-aerial-image-by-Lee-Collier-1030x579.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/5.-Winter-2023_-aerial-image-by-Lee-Collier-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/5.-Winter-2023_-aerial-image-by-Lee-Collier-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/5.-Winter-2023_-aerial-image-by-Lee-Collier-1500x844.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/5.-Winter-2023_-aerial-image-by-Lee-Collier-705x397.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1643px) 100vw, 1643px\" \/><\/div><small class=\"avia-copyright\">Foto: Lee Collier<\/small><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2jbyed-58904db19f6e84b790e8bf83e9f5cc49\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-2jbyed-58904db19f6e84b790e8bf83e9f5cc49{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-2jbyed-58904db19f6e84b790e8bf83e9f5cc49 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-2jbyed-58904db19f6e84b790e8bf83e9f5cc49 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-2jbyed-58904db19f6e84b790e8bf83e9f5cc49 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  >Salt marshes off St. Andrews and Dornoch can grow again<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-krv1ul-605429d78254106c872e500cf4ba558e '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p>This is a second world, hidden behind the hustle and bustle of the world-famous golf courses around the <strong>Old Course at St. Andrews and the Royal Dornoch Golf Club in Scotland<\/strong>. Green Shores is the name of the <strong>University of St. Andrews<\/strong>&#8216; project to restore salt marshes to their natural state. You can catch a glimpse of it from the ninth tee of the New Course at St. Andrews or along the coastal holes of the Struie Course in Dornoch. If you look at drone images of the areas, you can see the cracks and gaps in the salt marshes that allow the golf courses to be flooded and the coasts to erode during storm surges.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Basically, we are trying to fill these gaps with new salt marshes,&#8221; explains <strong>Dr. Clare Maynard<\/strong>, who is leading the project. &#8220;Over time, the new salt marsh areas will merge with the natural terrain.&#8221; The function of salt marshes should not be underestimated: They increase biodiversity, serve as natural coastal protection against storm surges and erosion, filter nutrients from the water and contribute to water improvement. Salt marshes are also important carbon sinks that can bind and store large quantities of CO\u2082.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Salt marshes are under threat worldwide<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The salt marshes are not doing well: Urbanization and infrastructure development along coastlines has reduced them, as has conversion to landfill or land reclamation. Rising sea levels are already threatening them, and wastewater, pesticides and nutrient inputs from agriculture are impairing their functioning. In Scotland, just 7000 to 8000 hectares of salt marshes remain.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m0avjc7c-d61d8d5ce2c22d15b21754ed905b7948\">\n.avia-image-container.av-m0avjc7c-d61d8d5ce2c22d15b21754ed905b7948 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-m0avjc7c-d61d8d5ce2c22d15b21754ed905b7948 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-m0avjc7c-d61d8d5ce2c22d15b21754ed905b7948 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '  ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-27506 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-27506 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/8-20240807_095234-300x169.jpg\" alt='Dr. Helena Simmons looks at the salt marshes for St. Andrews' title='Dr. Helena Simmons'  height=\"169\" width=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/8-20240807_095234-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/8-20240807_095234-1030x580.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/8-20240807_095234-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/8-20240807_095234-1536x865.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/8-20240807_095234-2048x1153.jpg 1641w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/8-20240807_095234-1500x845.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/8-20240807_095234-705x397.jpg 705w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/8-20240807_095234-scaled.jpg 1642w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lzx3y03h-4233c8c75a427626deee034022d0e48e '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p>The restoration of the salt marshes is a small-scale process that begins in St. Andrews, hidden behind a wall near the Eden Course in a so-called polytunnel. <strong>Green Shores<\/strong> is supported <strong>by the Scottish Government&#8217;s Nature Restoration Fund, managed by Nature Scot<\/strong>. &#8220;This is where we work with volunteers to develop the plants that we will later release into the marshland,&#8221; explains <strong>Dr. Helena Simmons<\/strong>, who is also involved in the Green Shores project. The <strong>Links Trust of St Andrews<\/strong> provides the site and is also involved in some of the funding, and the hours of work are largely carried out by <strong>volunteers from St Andrews<\/strong>, who have long recognized that the coastline off the university town is permanently affected by erosion from high tides and flooding.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m0avalb8-7b4136fb20a59c298d052f68a7952155\">\n.avia-image-container.av-m0avalb8-7b4136fb20a59c298d052f68a7952155 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-m0avalb8-7b4136fb20a59c298d052f68a7952155 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-m0avalb8-7b4136fb20a59c298d052f68a7952155 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '  ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-27501 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-27501 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240811_082018-300x225.jpg\" alt='' title='Salt marshes in front of the Links Trust site in St. Andrews'  height=\"225\" width=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240811_082018-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240811_082018-1030x773.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240811_082018-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240811_082018-scaled.jpg 1232w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/20240811_082018-705x529.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m0avpfx5-18d0d759370b8e475b210af4a7bb4d00 '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p>The plants that are released here in St. Andrews are different from those in the Tay of Firth off Royal Dornoch. &#8220;It is important that the plants are really those that are fully adapted to the local environment,&#8221; explains Simmons. Once large enough, they are released into the marshes, which are protected by small fences behind which the sand sediments are trapped, but which also protect the young plants. In 2018, the scientists launched a similar experiment in Dornoch with bio-mats consisting of nets into which coconut fibers are incorporated. &#8220;Unfortunately, the biorolls couldn&#8217;t withstand the storms and most of the plants were washed away in the first winter,&#8221; summarizes Maynard.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-m0avgdqr-158fefce33d3292f319c9844045aee7c\">\n.avia-image-container.av-m0avgdqr-158fefce33d3292f319c9844045aee7c img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-m0avgdqr-158fefce33d3292f319c9844045aee7c .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-m0avgdqr-158fefce33d3292f319c9844045aee7c av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '  ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\" fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-27504 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-27504 avia_image ' src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/3.-May-2024_Dornoch-greenkeepers-helping-plant-saltmarsh-300x230.jpg\" alt='View of greenkeepers planting salt marshes.' title='May 3, 2024_Dornoch greenkeepers helping plant saltmarsh'  height=\"230\" width=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/3.-May-2024_Dornoch-greenkeepers-helping-plant-saltmarsh-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/3.-May-2024_Dornoch-greenkeepers-helping-plant-saltmarsh-1030x788.jpg 1030w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/3.-May-2024_Dornoch-greenkeepers-helping-plant-saltmarsh-768x588.jpg 768w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/3.-May-2024_Dornoch-greenkeepers-helping-plant-saltmarsh.jpg 1207w, https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/3.-May-2024_Dornoch-greenkeepers-helping-plant-saltmarsh-705x540.jpg 705w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-m0avrbjw-aa2e857e9dcbb637d39f0a3553d88b34 '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p>The situation has changed with the small fences, and successes are being achieved in both Dornoch and St. Andrews. These are measured using hyperspectral imaging, among other things, which documents the growth of the areas and the height of the marsh. <\/p>\n<p>In the middle of the salt marshes in St. Andrews, all the insects are buzzing in summer. A closer look reveals bright yellow algae and mosses, deep blue flowers and a variety of plants. Then you look out towards the sea, and the question arises as to whether all this isn&#8217;t somehow a Sisyphean task. Simmons points to all the areas that have already been added in St. Andrews and cheerfully refers to the successes of <a href=\"https:\/\/greenshores.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk\/\">Green Shores<\/a> in Dornoch. &#8220;If we don&#8217;t even try to improve the situation, we will definitely fail.&#8221;    <\/p>\n<div hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/saunton-golf-club-vereinbart-leidenschaft-mit-strategie\/\" class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"80jCatQnGn\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/saunton-golf-club-combines-passion-with-strategy\/\">Saunton Golf Club vereinbart Leidenschaft mit Strategie<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Saunton Golf Club vereinbart Leidenschaft mit Strategie&#8221; &#8212; Golf Sustainable\" src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/saunton-golf-club-combines-passion-with-strategy\/embed\/#?secret=PLV3RJIZwM#?secret=80jCatQnGn\" data-secret=\"80jCatQnGn\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<div hcb-fetch-image-from=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/vier-golf-unternehmen-in-top-500-rangliste\/\" class='avia-iframe-wrap'>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"jEc5yKp8AR\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/four-golf-companies-in-the-top-500-ranking\/\">Vier Golf-Unternehmen in Top 500 Rangliste<\/a><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Vier Golf-Unternehmen in Top 500 Rangliste&#8221; &#8212; Golf Sustainable\" src=\"https:\/\/golfsustainable.com\/en\/four-golf-companies-in-the-top-500-ranking\/embed\/#?secret=Me3gnZK1g0#?secret=jEc5yKp8AR\" data-secret=\"jEc5yKp8AR\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l61adg-de09929e852a5a9b00e9c25e5197fec9 '  ><div class='avia_textblock' ><p>INSERT_STEADY_NEWSLETTER_SIGNUP_HERE<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='av-social-sharing-box av-2mu5xc-be51418eee8367333fa093228d957c81 av-social-sharing-box-default  avia-builder-el-10  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  av-social-sharing-box-fullwidth'><div class=\"av-share-box\"><h5 class='av-share-link-description av-no-toc '>Share entry<\/h5><ul class=\"av-share-box-list noLightbox\"><li class='av-share-link av-social-link-facebook avia_social_iconfont' ><a target=\"_blank\" aria-label=\"Share on Facebook\" 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Sustainable<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Coastal erosion is a problem for many golf courses around Europe. 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